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THE MUSLIM FLYERS

 

(The Islamic Times, November 1998)
Abul Qasim Ibn Firnas (died 873 C.E/260 A-H)

 

He lived in Spain during the reign of Amir Muhammad ibn Abdur Rahman and was brought up in the city of Cordoba. He was born in Korah Takrna near Ronda and studied chemistry, physi astronomy. In his experiments he managed to manufacture glass from sand and stone and he devised a chain of rings depicting the motions of stars and planets. He is also credited with inventing a time measuring devise called Al-Maqata.
In recognition of his experiments on the possibility of human flight, a statue has been built in his memory on the way to Baghdad International Airport.
He is famous for constructing a flying machine which was capable of carrying a human being. Having constructed the final version of his glider, to celebrate it’s success, he invited the people of Cordoba to come and witness his flight. People watched from a nearby mountain as he flew some distance but then the glide plummeted to the ground causing him serious injuring which subsequently resulted in his death.
Philip Hitti in his book ‘History of the Arabs’ paid tribute to Ibn Firnas; "Ibn Firnas was the first man in history to make a scientific attempt at flying." Abbas Ibn Firnas is commemerated on a Libian postal stamp.
Many further attempts were made to achieve human flight and in the process many researchers lost their lives during their experiments. Amongst these was Farabi Ismail Johari, a teacher from Nishapur, Turkistan, who launched himself from the minaret of Ulu Mosque, using wings made from wood and rope.

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Hazarfen Ahmed Celebi.

The most famous Turkish flyer used Johari’s calculations and with some corrections and balancing adjustments, derived from studying the eagle in flight, finally, after 9 experimental attempts, gave shape to his wing apparatus. His famous flight took place from the Galata tower near the Bosphorus in Istanbul, during the reign of the Turkish Sultan Murad IV. The flight was successful. Hazarfen Celebi landed on the other side of the Bosphorus. With this success Hazarfen proved to be 200 years ahead of his time since it was 2 centuries later that comparable developements took place elsewhere. The event is recorded by Evliya Celebi (traveller), an eye witness to the feat, in his book "Seyahatnama" (a book of travel). The word Hazarfen means expert in 1000 sciences, in-fact, a reward of 1000 gold pieces was given to Hazarfen for his achievement. A turkish postal stamp bears tribute to the historic flight.

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Ladari Hasan Celebi.

50 years later, another member of the Celebi family, Hasan Celebi invented the first manned rocket which he launched using about 300 pounds of gun powder as the firing fuel. The event is recorded by an artist sketch drawing (courtesy of Turkish Newspaper Zaman 1988).

 

 

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